TRANSLITERATION RULES FOR ROMI KONKANI
(Based on “Romi Orthography Rules” published by Goa Konkani Akademi)
1. Capital letters are being used as in English usage – In the beginning of the sentence or in the beginning of a proper noun. (Issue of proper nouns still pending to be solved in Konkanverter Beta.)
2. DIPTHONGS
| A | आय = ai | दायज = daiz, आयकात = aikat, हुस्कायता = huskaita, भायर = bhair, जायत = zait, कामायस = kamais |
| B | यो = eo / इयो = io | बर्यो = boreo, तांच्यो = tancheo, ह्यो = heo, बडियो = boddio, उदियोग = udiog, योगदान = iogadan |
| C | या = ea / इया = ia | कोल्या = kolea, चल्याचो = choleacho, ह्या = hea, मोगियांक = mogiank, हरियाळी = horialli, मरियाद = moriad |
| D | इये = ie | येवजण = ievzonn, चलियेचो = choliecho, घोडियेक = ghoddiek, पतियेक = potiek, फ़ेरियेंत = ferient |
| E | अय = oi / ओय = oi | बयल = boil, पयलो = poilo, दाखय = dakhoi, शिकयता = xikoita, पयशीलो = poixilo, वयर = voir, कोयर = koir, रोयण = roinn |
| F | उय = ui | कुयताद = kuitad, आनिकुय = anikui, बापुय = bapui |
| G | अव = ou / ओव = ou | तवशें = touxem, बरवन = boroun, चलवपी = choloupi, वाडोवंक = vaddounk, फ़ोवज = fouz, भोवतेक = bhoutek |
| H | आव = au | जावंक = zaunk, होगडावन = hogddaun, खावन = khaun, पावणी = paunni, पावटी = pautti, बावलें = baulem |
| I | एव = eu | येवजिलां = yeujilam, घेवन = gheun, पळेवन = polleun, पळेवंक = polleunk |
| J | ईव = iu | दीव = div, दीवपाक = diupak, दीवन = diun’ |
| K | एवन = eon | उदेवंक = udeonk, भुकेवंक = bhukeonk, भाटेवंक = bhateonk, सपनेवंक = sopneonk |
If the word ends with अंय (एंय,इंय etc.) or ईय = -i
केदनांय = kednam-i, खरेंय = khorem-i, बडीय = boddi-i
Except for the following cases: खंय = Khoim, थंय = thoim, कांय = kaim, न्हंय = nhoim
NASALISATION
1. In Romi consonant M and N is being used for Nasalised effect.
सुणें = Sunnem, सुण्यांक = sunneank
घरां = ghoram, घरांत = ghorant
If it (म/न) needs to kept as full consonants an apostrophe is being used after the syllable. (it also occurs in the middle of the words)
Sinem’ = सिनेम, gham’ = घाम, ekdom’ = एकदम, Sopan’= सपन,
gom’mot = गम्मत, utpon’n = उत्पन्न
ran’vott = रानवट, don’xim = दोनशीं (schwa deletion apply)
(Special Rule for गोंय) : गोंय, गोंयांत, गोंयचे, गोंयकार = Gõy, Gõyant, Gõychem, Gõykar
CONSONANT CLUSTERS IN ROMI KONKANI (d,l,n,t)
| d = द् | d’d = द्द् |
| dh = ध् | d’dh = द्ध् |
| dd = ड् | dd’dd = ड्ड् |
| l = ल् | l’l = ल्ल् |
| ll = ळ् | ll’ll = ळ्ळ् |
| n = न् | n’n = न्न् |
| nn = ण् | nn’nn = ण्ण् |
| t = त् | t’t = त्त् |
| tt = ट् | tt’tt = ट्ट् |
USAGE OF Z – J OR ZH – JH
Since both j and z represent ज्,
1. If the ज् comes at the end of the word that will be converted as z (बाज = baz, पेज = pez, सांज = sanz, वैज = voiz)
2. If the ज् or झ् consonant is followed by ( a,o,u,au,oi,ou ) any of these letters then z or zh will be used.
(जात = zat, जागो = zago, पर्जा = porza, झाड = zhadd, जतें = zotem, झगडें = zhogddem, जून =zun, झुज = zhuj, जांव = zaum, जैत = zoit, वाजोंवक = vazounk, मजो = mozo, आजो = azo)
3. If the ज् or झ् consonant is followed by (e,i,ea,ei ) any of these letters then j or jh will be used.
जेवता = jevta, ताजें = tajem, म्हजे = mhoje, म्हज्या = mhojea, आज्या = ajea, सांजे = sanje, पेजेक = pejek, पर्जेक = porjek, फ़ौजेन = foujen, झेमेता = jhemeta, जिवीत = jivit, आजी = aji, झींट = jhintt, जियेता = jiyeta.
KNOWN ISSUE IN TRANSLITERATION TO OTHER SCRIPTS FROM ROMAN SCRIPT
In Standard Romi Orthography, syllable O represents both अ/ಅ/അ and ओ/ಒ/ഒ. There is no clear indicator for distinguishing अ/ಅ/അ from ओ/ಒ/ഒ in Roman Script Konkani. The system can understand and produce only one maping for one syllable. For Example;
godd ambo, mol chodd, tor am-so (Sweet Mango, if costly, is sour)
The above Romi Script Konkani sentence should have been resulted as
गोड आंबो मोल चड तर आम्सो
but system can convert it as either
गोड आंबो मोल चोड तोर आम्सो
or
गड आंब मल चड तर आम्स
We observed, in an average sentence unlike the above which is constructed for illustration of the issue, syllable O denotes more of अ/ಅ/അ and less of ओ/ಒ/ഒ. Hence, in KONKANVERTER beta we have maped syllable O with अ/ಅ/അ. In special adaptation of the Transliteration tool, applications can opt for assigning a slight differentiation in the syllable O for ओ/ಒ/ഒ. This issue will also effect Dipthong Oi which represents both अय and ओय
A paragraph from Romi Script Konkani converted in to Devanagari in KONKANVERTER for illustration:
Text Source: (www.v-ixtt.com)
Thodde rokddech mon’xachi ixttagot kortat. Ani ti bore bhaxen samballtat. Thodde ixttagot korunk bore asat. Punn ti chodd kall togona. Te ixttagot kortat khore, punn tankam ti samballunk kollona. Thodde ixttagot korunkuch nokllo. Zalear te samballtole koxe ? Hanv khoinchea vorgant poddtam ? Mhaka nove ixtt korpacho xegunn asa ? Vo hanv ekmoddo ? Mhaka eksuro jiyeunk borem lagta ? Vo hanv ixttagot kortam ti mhojea vaitt sonvoyank lagun toddun uddoitam ? Tum ixttagot korpi ?
थडे रकडेच मनशाची इश्टागत कर्तात. आनी ती बरे भाशेन सांबाळतात. थडे इश्टागत करुंक बरे आसात. पूण ती चड काळ तगना. ते इश्टागत कर्तात खरे, पूण तांकां ती सांबाळुंक कळना. थडे इश्टागत करुंकूच नकळ. जाल्यार ते सांबाळतले कशे ? हावं खयंच्या वर्गांत पडतां ? म्हाका नवे इश्ट कर्पाच शेगूण आसा ? व हावं एक्मड ? म्हाका एक्सुर जियेवंक बरें लाग्ता ? व हावं इश्टागत कर्तां ती म्हज्या वायट संवयांक लागून तडून उडयतां ? तूं इश्टागत कर्पी ?
